Tsebo e hlokahalang ea taolo ea boleng ba welding le tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso.

Ts'ebetsong ea welding, ho na le lintlha tse ngata tse hlokang ho eloa hloko.Hang ha e hlokomolohuoa, e ka ’na ea e-ba phoso e khōlō.Tsena ke lintlha tseo u tlamehang ho li ela hloko ha u hlahloba ts'ebetso ea welding.Haeba o sebetsana le likotsi tsa boleng ba welding, o ntse o hloka ho ela hloko mathata ana!

1. Kaho ea welding ha e ele hloko ho khetha motlakase o motle ka ho fetisisa

[Phenomenon] Nakong ea welding, ho khethoa motlakase o tšoanang oa arc ho sa tsotelehe ho theola, ho tlatsa, le ho koala, ho sa tsotelehe boholo ba groove.Ka tsela ena, botebo bo hlokahalang ba ho kenella le bophara ba ho kopanngoa bo ka 'na ba se ke ba finyelloa,' me ho ka ba le mathata a kang a undercut, pores, le splashes.

[Mehato] Ka kakaretso, ho latela maemo a fapaneng, ho lokela ho khethoa arc e telele e lekanang kapa e khuts'oane ho fumana boleng bo betere ba welding le katleho ea mosebetsi.Mohlala, ts'ebetso ea li-arc e khuts'oane e lokela ho sebelisoa molemong oa ho kenella hantle nakong ea welding e tlase, 'me motlakase oa arc o ka eketsoa ka nepo molemong oa ho fumana katleho e phahameng le bophara ba fusion nakong ea ho tlatsa welding kapa cap welding.

2. Welding ha e laole hona joale welding

[Phenomenon] Nakong ea ho cheselletsa, e le ho potlakisa tsoelo-pele, li-welds tsa butt tsa lipoleiti tse mahareng le tse teteaneng ha li bevele.Lethathamo la matla le theoha, kapa le bile le hloleha ho fihlela litlhoko tse tloaelehileng, 'me mapetsong a hlaha nakong ea teko ea ho koba, e leng se tla etsa hore ts'ebetso ea manonyeletso a ts'oaretsoeng a se ke a tiisetsoa' me a beha kotsi e ka 'nang ea e-ba kotsi ho polokeho ea moralo.

[Mehato] Welding lokela ho laoloa ho ea ka tjheseletsa hona joale tekolo botjha tshebetso, le 10-15% feto-fetoha lumelloa.Bophahamo ba lekhalo le lenyenyane la groove ha boa lokela ho feta 6mm.Ha o emisa, ha botenya ba poleiti bo feta 6mm, ho tlameha ho buloa bevel bakeng sa welding.

3. U se ke ua ela hloko lebelo la welding le hona joale oa welding, 'me bophara ba molamu oa welding bo lokela ho sebelisoa ka tumellano.

[Phenomenon] Ha tjheseletsa, u se ke ua ela hloko ho laola lebelo tjheseletsa le tjheseletsa hona joale, 'me sebelisa bophara eleketrode le tjheseletsa boemo ba ho hokahanya.Ka mohlala, ha rooting welding e etsoa ka manonyeletso a sekhutlo a kene ka ho feletseng, ka lebaka la boholo ba motso o moqotetsane, haeba lebelo la ho tjheseletsa le potlakile haholo, li-inclusions tsa khase le slag li ke ke tsa e-ba le nako e lekaneng ea ho lahla, e tla baka liphoso habonolo. joalo ka ho kenella ho sa phetheheng, li-slag inclusions, le li-pores motso;Nakong ea ho tjheseletsa sekoahelo, haeba lebelo la ho tjheseletsa le potlakile haholo, ho bonolo ho hlahisa pores;haeba lebelo la welding le lieha haholo, ts'ebetso ea weld e tla be e phahame haholo 'me sebopeho se tla ba se sa tloaelehang;Butle, ho bonolo ho chesa joalo-joalo.

[Mehato] Lebelo la welding le na le tšusumetso e kholo ho boleng ba tjheseletsa le katleho ea tlhahiso ea welding.Ha u khetha, khetha boemo bo loketseng ba ho tjheseletsa ho ya ka welding jwale, boemo ba weld (welding e tlase, welding e tlatsang, welding e koahelang), botenya ba weld, le boholo ba groove.Lebelo, tlas'a motheo oa ho netefatsa ho kenella, ho ntšoa habonolo ha khase le slag ea welding, ha ho chese, le ho etsoa hantle, lebelo le phahameng la welding le khethoa ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso le katleho.

4. U se ke ua ela hloko ho laola bolelele ba arc ha u cheselletsa

[Phenomenon] Bolelele ba arc ha bo lokisoe hantle ho latela mofuta oa groove, palo ea likarolo tsa welding, foromo ea welding, mofuta oa electrode, joalo-joalo nakong ea welding.Ka lebaka la tšebeliso e fosahetseng ea bolelele ba li-welding arc, ho thata ho fumana li-welds tsa boleng bo holimo.

[Mehato] E le ho netefatsa boleng ba weld, ts'ebetso e khuts'oane ea arc hangata e sebelisoa nakong ea welding, empa bolelele bo nepahetseng ba arc bo ka khethoa ho ea ka maemo a fapaneng ho fumana boleng bo botle ba welding, joalo ka V-groove butt joint, lenonyeletso la fillet pele Lera la pele le lokela ho sebelisa arc e khuts'oane ho netefatsa ho kenella ntle le undercutting, 'me karolo ea bobeli e ka ba telele hanyane ho tlatsa weld.Arc e khutšoanyane e lokela ho sebelisoa ha lekhalo la weld le le lenyenyane, 'me arc e ka ba telele hanyenyane ha lekhalo le le leholo, e le hore lebelo la welding le ka potlakisa.The arc of overhead welding e lokela ho ba e khutšoanyane ka ho fetisisa ho thibela tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ho phalla fatše;e le ho laola mocheso oa letamo le entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa nakong ea welding e otlolohileng le welding e otlolohileng, ho lokela ho sebelisoa welding e tlase hona joale le e khuts'oane ea arc.Ho phaella moo, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho sebelisoa welding ea mofuta ofe, hoa hlokahala ho boloka bolelele ba arc ha e le hantle bo sa fetohe nakong ea ho sisinyeha, e le ho etsa bonnete ba hore bophara ba fusion le botebo ba ho kenella ha weld eohle bo lumellana.

5. Welding ha e ele hloko ho laola deformation ea welding

[Phenomenon] Ha welding, deformation ha e laoloe ho tloha likarolong tsa tatellano ea tjheseletsa, tlhophiso ea basebetsi, foromo ea groove, khetho ea litlhaloso tsa welding le mokhoa oa ts'ebetso, e leng se tla lebisa ho deformation e kholo ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa, ho lokisoa ka thata, le litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng, haholo-holo bakeng sa ts'ebetso e boima. lipoleiti le li-workpieces tse kholo.Khalemelo e thata, 'me khalemelo ea mochini e ka baka mapetsong kapa likhapha tsa lamellar habonolo.Litsenyehelo tsa ho lokisoa ha lelakabe li phahame mme ts'ebetso e mpe e ka baka habonolo ho chesa ha workpiece.Bakeng sa li-workpieces tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tse nepahetseng, haeba ho se na mehato e sebetsang ea ho laola deformation e nkiloeng, boholo ba ho kenya mochine oa mosebetsi bo ke ke ba finyella litlhoko tsa ho sebelisoa, esita le ho tsosolosa kapa ho senya ho tla bakoa.

[Mehato] Etsa tatellano e loketseng ea ho tjheseletsa 'me u khethe lintlha tse nepahetseng tsa ho cheselletsa le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso, hape u nke mehato e thibelang ho senyeha le ho lokisa e thata.

6. Discontinuous welding of multi-layer welding, e sa ele hloko ho laola mocheso pakeng tsa lihlopha.

[Phenomenon] Ha u tjheseletsa lipoleiti tse teteaneng tse nang le likarolo tse ngata, u se ke ua ela hloko taolo ea mocheso oa interlayer.Haeba karohano pakeng tsa lera e telele haholo, tjheseletsa ntle le ho futhumatsa hape ho tla baka mapetsong a batang habonolo pakeng tsa mekato;Haeba karohano e le khuts'oane haholo, mocheso oa interlayer o tla Ha mocheso o phahame haholo (ho feta 900 ° C), o tla ama ts'ebetso ea weld le sebaka se anngoeng ke mocheso, se tla baka lijo-thollo tse mahoashe, e leng se tla fella ka ho fokotseha ha boima le polasetiki, 'me ho tla siea likotsi tse patiloeng tse ka bang teng bakeng sa manonyeletso.

[Mehato] Ha ho chesetsoa lipoleiti tse teteaneng tse nang le likarolo tse ngata, taolo ea mocheso pakeng tsa lihlopha e lokela ho matlafatsoa.Nakong ea ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea welding, mocheso oa tšepe ea motheo o lokelang ho ts'oaroa o lokela ho hlahlojoa e le hore mocheso pakeng tsa lihlopha o ka bolokoa o tsitsitse ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang le mocheso oa preheating.Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa o boetse o laoloa.Nako ea welding ha ea lokela ho ba telele haholo.Haeba ho na le tšitiso ea welding, mehato e loketseng ea ho futhumatsa le ho boloka mocheso e lokela ho nkoa.Ha o cheselletsa hape, mocheso o futhumatsang o lokela ho ba holimo ka nepo ho feta mocheso oa pele oa ho futhumatsa.

7. Haeba weld ea multilayer e sa tlose slag ea welding 'me bokaholimo ba weld bo na le mefokolo, lera le ka tlase le cheselitsoe.

 [Phenomenon] Ha tjheseletsa likarolo tse ngata tsa lipoleiti tse teteaneng, lera le ka tlaase le cheselitsoe ka ho toba ntle le ho tlosa slag ea ho cheselletsa le mefokolo ka mor'a hore lera le leng le le leng le chesehe, e leng se ka 'nang sa baka li-slag inclusions, pores, mapetsong le liphoso tse ling ho chesella, matla a ho hokahana le ho baka lera le tlase la welding nako ea ho phatloha.

[Mehato] Ha ho chesetsoa likarolo tse ngata tsa lipoleiti tse teteaneng, lera le leng le le leng le lokela ho ts'oaroa khafetsa.Ka mor'a hore karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea weld e be le weld, slag ea welding, bokooa ba holim'a weld le spatter e lokela ho tlosoa ka nako, 'me mefokolo e kang li-slag inclusions, li-pores le mapetsong a amang boleng ba welding li lokela ho tlosoa ka ho feletseng pele ho tjheseletsa.

8. Boholo ba lenonyeletso lenonyeletso la butt kapa sekhutlo se kopantsoeng sa weld se hlokang ho kenella ha se lekana.

[Phenomenon] Manonyeletso a bōpehileng joaloka T, manonyeletso a sefapano, likonopo tsa sekhutlo le litšepe tse ling tse kopantseng butt kapa sekhutlong tse hlokang ho kenella, boholo ba leoto la weld ha le lekana, kapa moralo oa tepo le lepheo le ka holimo la sefate sa crane kapa tse tšoanang. likarolo tse hlokang mokhathala hlahloba Haeba boholo ba tjheseletsa leoto la poleiti bohale kgokelo tjheseletsa ha hoa lekana, matla le rigidity tsa tjheseletsa ke ke kopana ditlhoko tsa moralo.

[Mehato] Manonyeletso a bōpehileng joaloka T, manonyeletso a sefapano, li-fillet le tse ling tsa butt tse hlokang ho kenella li tlameha ho ba le litlhoko tse lekaneng tsa fillet ho latela litlhoko tsa moralo.Ka kakaretso, boholo ba fillet ea weld ha ea lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 0.25t (t ke botenya ba poleiti e kopaneng).Boholo ba leoto la tjheseletsa la li-welds tse kopanyang marang-rang le flange e ka holimo ea crane girder kapa marang-rang a tšoanang le litlhoko tsa ho hlahloba mokhathala ke 0.5t, 'me ha ea lokela ho ba kholo ho feta 10mm.Phapang e lumelletsoeng ea boholo ba welding ke 0-4 mm.

9. Welding plug eleketrode hlooho kapa tšepe block ka lekhalo lenonyello

[Phenomenon] Hobane ho thata ho fuse hlooho ea electrode kapa boloko ba tšepe le karolo e cheselitsoeng nakong ea tjheseletsa, e tla baka mefokolo ea welding joalo ka fusion e sa fellang le ho kenella ho sa phetheheng, le ho fokotsa matla a khokahano.Haeba e tletse lihlooho tsa li-electrode tse mafome le li-blocks tsa tšepe, ho thata ho etsa bonnete ba hore li lumellana le thepa ea tšepe ea motheo;haeba e tletse lihlooho tsa li-electrode le li-block tsa tšepe tse nang le oli, litšila, joalo-joalo, li tla baka mefokolo e kang li-pores, li-slag inclusions, le mapetsong a weld.Maemo ana a tla fokotsa haholo boleng ba seam ea weld ea motsoako, e ke keng ea finyella litlhoko tsa boleng ba moralo le litlhaloso bakeng sa seam ea weld.

[Mehato] <1> Ha lekhalo la kopano ea workpiece le le leholo, empa le sa fete sebaka se amohelehang sa tšebeliso, 'me lekhalo la kopano le feta makhetlo a 2 ho feta botenya ba poleiti e tšesaane kapa e kholo ho feta 20mm, mokhoa o holimo o lokela ho ba. se sebedisoang ho tlatsa karolo e phomotseng kapa ho fokotsa sekgeo sa kopano.Ho thibetsoe ka thata ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho tlatsa hlooho ea molamu oa welding kapa block block ea tšepe ho lokisa welding ka lekhalo le kopane.<2> Ha ho sebetsa le likarolo tsa scribing, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho tlohela chelete e lekaneng ea ho itšeha le tumello ea ho fokotseha ha welding ka mor'a ho itšeha, le ho laola boholo ba likarolo.U se ke ua eketsa lekhalo ho netefatsa boholo ba kakaretso.

10. Ha lipoleiti tsa botenya le bophara bo fapaneng li sebelisoa bakeng sa docking, phetoho ha e boreleli

[Phenomenon] Ha lipoleiti tsa botenya le bophara bo fapaneng li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kopanya butt, u se ke ua ela hloko hore na phapang ea botenya ea lipoleiti e ka har'a sebaka se amohelehang sa maemo.Haeba e se ka har'a sebaka se lumelletsoeng 'me ntle le kalafo e bonolo ea phetoho, seam weld se ka baka khatello ea maikutlo le mefokolo ea welding joalo ka fusion e sa fellang sebakeng se phahameng ho feta botenya ba lakane, e tla ama boleng ba welding.

[Mehato] Ha melaoana e amehang e fetisoa, weld e lokela ho kenngoa letsoapong, 'me boleng bo phahameng bo lumelletsoeng ba moepa e lokela ho ba 1: 2.5;kapa lehlakore le le leng kapa ka bobeli la botenya le lokela ho sebetsoa ho ba letsoapong pele ho tjheseletsa, 'me boleng bo phahameng bo lumelletsoeng ba moepa e lokela ho ba 1: 2.5, ha moepa oa sebopeho o jara mojaro o matla' me o hloka ho hlahlojoa ke mokhathala, letsoapo ha lea lokela ho ba teng. ho feta 1:4.Ha lipoleiti tsa bophara bo fapaneng li hokahane le butt, ho itšeha ka mocheso, mochini kapa ho sila lebili le sila ho lokela ho sebelisoa ho latela maemo a fektheri le sebaka sa marang-rang ho etsa phetoho e boreleli, 'me moepa o phahameng o lumelletsoeng ho kopane ke 1: 2.5.

11. U se ke ua ela hloko tatellano ea welding bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le cross welds

[Phenomenon] Bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le li-weld tsa sefapano, haeba re sa ele hloko ho hlophisa tatellano ea tjheseletsa ka ho hlahloba khatello ea khatello ea maikutlo le tšusumetso ea khatello ea maikutlo holim'a deformation ea karolo, empa weld ka mokhoa o otlolohileng le ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, sephetho se tla baka longitudinal le manonyeletso a rapameng ho thibelana, ho fella ka ho hoholo Khatello ea mocheso ea mocheso e tla holofatsa poleiti, bokaholimo ba poleiti bo tla be bo sa lekane, mme bo ka baka mapetsong a weld.

[Mehato] Bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le li-weld tsa sefapano, tatellano e loketseng ea welding e lokela ho theoa.Ha ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea li-welds tse tšekaletseng le tse tšekaletseng tse lokelang ho chesoa, li-chelles tse tšekaletseng tse nang le shrinkage deformation e kholo li lokela ho ts'oaroa pele, ebe li-welds tsa longitudinal li lokela ho ts'oaroa, e le hore li-welds tse fapaneng li se ke tsa thibeloa ke li-welds tsa longitudinal. tjheseletsa li-weld tse hlabang, e le hore khatello ea shrinkage ea seams transverse E lokolloe ntle le thibelo ho fokotsa ho sotha ha weld, ho boloka boleng ba weld, kapa weld butt welds pele ebe li-welds tsa fillet.

12. Ha ho pota-potiloe welding e sebelisoa bakeng sa manonyeletso a marapo a lithupa tsa tšepe tsa karolo, welding e tsoelang pele e tla sebelisoa likhutlong.

[Phenomenon] Ha lenonyeletso le pakeng tsa molamu oa tšepe le poleiti e tsoelang pele le pota-potiloe ke tjheseletsa, li-welds tse mahlakoreng a mabeli a molamu li kenngoa pele, 'me li-welds tsa ho qetela li cheseha hamorao,' me ho cheseha ho khaotsa.Leha sena se le molemo ho fokotsa deformation ea welding, e na le ts'ebetso ea khatello ea maikutlo le bofokoli ba li-welding likhutlong tsa lithupa, tse amang boleng ba manonyeletso a cheselitsoeng.

[Mehato] Ha liropeng manonyeletso tsa karolo melamu tšepe ba welded, tjheseletsa lokela ho phethoa ka ho tsoelang pele hukung ka nako e le 'ngoe,' me u se ke ua weld ho hukung le ho ea ka lehlakoreng le leng bakeng sa tjheseletsa.

13. Ho hlokahala docking ka matla a lekanang, 'me ha ho lipoleiti tsa ho qala li-arc le li-lead-out lipheletsong tse peli tsa lepheo la crane beam le web plate.

[Phenomenon] Ha ho tjheseletsa butt butt welds, full-penetration fillet welds, and welds between crane beam flange plates and webs, ha ho na lipoleiti tse qalang le lipoleiti tse etellang pele li kenyellelitsoeng lintlheng tsa ho qala le tse etellang pele, e le hore ho tjheseletsa lipheletsong tsa ho qala le ho qetela, Kaha hona joale le motlakase ha li tsitsitse ka ho lekaneng, mocheso qalong le qetellong ha o tsitsa ka ho lekaneng, o ka lebisang habonolo ho bokooa bo kang fusion e sa phethoang, ho kenella ho sa phethoang, ho phunyeha, ho kenngoa ha slag, le li-pores ho li-welds tse qalang le tsa ho qetela, tse tla fokotsa matla a li-weld le ho hlōleha ho finyella litlhoko tsa moralo.

[Mehato] Ha ho tjheseletsa butt welds, full-penetration fillet welds, and welds between crane girder flange and web, arc strike plate le lead-out plates li lokela ho kengoa lipheletsong tse peli tsa weld.Ka mor'a hore karolo e nang le sekoli e ntšoe ka ntle ho workpiece, karolo e nang le phoso e khaoloa ho netefatsa boleng ba weld.